Vol.15, No.3, August 2026.                                                                                                                                                                          ISSN: 2217-8309

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        eISSN: 2217-8333

TEM Journal

TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION, MANAGEMENT, INFORMATICS

Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science

From Intention to Innovation: How Guided Inquiry and Metacognition Drive Critical and Creative Thinking among Engineering Students

Ganefri Ganefri, Norazah Mohd Nordin, Asmar Yulastri, Hendra Hidayat

© 2026 Hendra Hidayat, published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Citation Information: TEM Journal. Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 2836-2850, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM153-68, August 2026.

Received: 17 July 2025.
Revised: 27 January 2026.
Accepted: 04 March 2026.
Published: 27 August 2026.

Abstract:

This study examines how digital entrepreneurial intention and guided inquiry learning affect engineering students’ critical and creative thinking, using metacognitive awareness and self-regulated learning as mediators. This study included 417 Indonesian engineering students. PLS-SEM and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Analysis were used to analyze questionnaire data. Digital entrepreneurial intention significantly affects metacognitive awareness but not self-regulated learning. Guided inquiry learning improves metacognition and self-regulation. Metacognition and self-regulated learning greatly improved critical and creative thinking. Digital entrepreneurial intention affects critical and creative thinking skills solely through metacognitive awareness, while guided inquiry learning indirectly affects both. The IPMA analysis shows that guided inquiry learning is the biggest factor affecting students’ cognitive abilities, while the clustering results show five cognitive engagement clusters. This study recommends inquiry-based learning in technical education to develop advanced cognitive skills in the digital age.

Keywords – Digital entrepreneurship, guided inquiry, metacognitive, critical thinking, creative thinking.

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