Vol.15, No.3, August 2026.                                                                                                                                                                          ISSN: 2217-8309

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        eISSN: 2217-8333

TEM Journal

TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION, MANAGEMENT, INFORMATICS

Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science

Life Cycle of Solid-State Transformer

Plamen Stanchev, Nikolay Hinov

© 2026 Plamen Stanchev, published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Citation Information: TEM Journal. Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 2096-2103, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM153-04, August 2026.

Received: 15 August 2025.
Revised: 14 January 2026.
Accepted: 30 January 2026.
Published: 27 August 2026.

Abstract:

The Solid-State Transformer (SST) is a new generation of power conversion and management technology that integrates high-frequency isolation, advanced broadband semiconductor elements, and intelligent control systems. Thanks to its modular architecture and the combination of AC/DC, DC/DC, and DC/AC conversion stages, the SST offers significant advantages over conventional power transformers, such as significantly reduced size and weight, bidirectional power flow capability, dynamic voltage regulation, and seamless integration with renewable energy sources and Smart Grids. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the life cycle of the SST from conceptual design and simulation modelling, through manufacturing and integration into power systems, to operation, maintenance, and the decommissioning phase with component recycling. The study applies a standardized Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to compare SSTs with traditional electromagnetic power transformers, focusing on increased energy efficiency, reduced operating losses, and the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Key challenges are discussed, including the high cost of critical materials, the need for advanced thermal management, and ensuring long-term reliability. Future trends are also presented, such as the mass adoption of SiC and GaN semiconductors, integration into DC microgrids, and the application of Artificial Intelligence algorithms for real-time optimization.

Keywords – Solid-state transformer (SST), life cycle assessment (LCA), smart grid, renewable energy integration, power distribution systems.

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