Vol.15, No.2, May 2026.                                                                                                                                                                          ISSN: 2217-8309

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        eISSN: 2217-8333

 

TEM Journal

 

TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION, MANAGEMENT, INFORMATICS

Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science

 

The Impact of Visual and Auditory Cues on Reading in Online Learning: Insights from Eye-Tracking

 

Riana Magdalena Silitonga, Yung-Tsan Jou, Nguyen Thi Bich Thu, Muhammad Azmi Alamsyah, Ronald Sukwadi

 

© 2026 Riana Magdalena Silitonga, published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

 

Citation Information: TEM Journal. Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 1372-1382, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM152-35, May 2026.

 

Received: 30 June 2025.
Revised: 16 July 2025.
Accepted: 07 August 2025.
Published: 27 May 2026.

 

Abstract:

 

Reading is a fundamental ability that most students must acquire in academic settings; however, many have significant challenges in comprehending the entire book. Students frequently employed notetaking and the use of highlighters to enhance their reading proficiency. The learners' capabilities have been substantially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has hindered educational institutions from conducting in-person lessons. One method to tackle this issue is to proficiently provide suitable educational resources for online learning environments. This study seeks to examine the correlation between specific eye movement metrics and identify the variables that could enhance the reading ability of students enrolled in an online course. Twenty university students were enlisted as participants; a pre-test and post-test were administered to evaluate their reading proficiency objectively. The combination of pictures and colored text significantly affects reading performance. Surprisingly, the learning materials with pictures, text with colour, and audio support have less effect on reading performance since the text contains audio support. Therefore, combining colored keywords and photographs might be a consideration for producing proper online learning material.

 

Keywords – Colored keywords, pictorial representation, audio support, reading comprehension, eye-tracking.

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Full text PDF >  

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 


Copyright © 2026 UIKTEN
Copyright licence: All articles are licenced via Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence