Vol.14, No.4, November 2025.                                                                                                                                                                          ISSN: 2217-8309

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        eISSN: 2217-8333

 

TEM Journal

 

TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION, MANAGEMENT, INFORMATICS

Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science

 

The Effect of Interactivity on Perceived Risk towards Unregistered Childcare: The Mediating Role of Technology Innovation

 

Nur Farah Ain Abd Shukor, Norlaile Salleh Hudin, Nur Yuhainis Ab Wahab, Wan Salmuni Wan Mustaffa, Nur Shahira Ahmad

 

© 2025 Norlaile Salleh Hudin, published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

 

Citation Information: TEM Journal. Volume 14, Issue 4, Pages 3480-3491, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM144-54, November 2025.

 

Received: 11 February 2025.
Revised: 13 May 2025.
Accepted: 28 May 2025.
Published: 27 November 2025.

 

Abstract:

 

Interactivity and technological innovation play an important role in lowering parents’ perceived risks by providing transparent communication and easy access to essential information about childcare. This study investigates how technology innovation (TI) mediates the relationship between interactivity (IY) and perceived risks (PR) among mothers in unregistered childcare centers. A quantitative method was used in this study. A total of 385 responses were collected from working mothers who enrolled their children, aged 0-4 years, in unregistered childcare centers. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Model validity and reliability were rigorously evaluated. Findings indicate that interactivity significantly promotes technology adoption, which, in turn, helps reduce perceived risks. The mediation analysis confirms that technology innovation (TI) serves as a pathway through which interactivity impacts perceived risk (PR), emphasizing that fostering interactive relationships can drive technological enhancements that reassure parents and mitigate safety concerns. These findings also underline the importance of promoting interactive communication and supporting technology innovation to address parental concerns about unregistered childcare centers. Future research suggests that childcare providers and policymakers should implement strategies and platforms that facilitate interactivity, Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) and encourage technology use, fostering a safer and more trustworthy childcare environment.

 

Keywords – Interactivity, technology innovation, perceived risk, unregistered, childcare centers.

 

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