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Vol.14, No.2, May 2025. ISSN: 2217-8309 eISSN: 2217-8333
TEM Journal
TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION, MANAGEMENT, INFORMATICS Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science |
Cracking the Code to ESL Student Satisfaction: The Impact of E-Learning Quality, Interaction, and Collaboration
Saima Munawar, Nawaz Ahmad, Jolita Vveinhardt
© 2025 Jolita Vveinhardt, published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Citation Information: TEM Journal. Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 1832-1844, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM142-80, May 2025.
Received: 21 August 2024. Revised: 15 Mart 2025.
Abstract:
The shift toward online education has been accelerated by factors such as fear of COVID-19, rising fuel costs, and enhanced internet connectivity, leading both educational institutions and students to embrace e-learning, particularly in English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts. This study examines the influence of e-learning on ESL learners’ satisfaction, focusing on critical factors such as instructor interaction, student collaboration, and learning content, with e-learning quality as a mediating factor. The data were collected online via Google Forms from 478 ESL students enrolled in online programs in Pakistan. Subsequently, it was analysed using Partial Least Squared (PLS) structural equation modelling. The research concluded that student collaboration had the least significant impact and reliability compared to other independent variables. This study will have practical implications for English language teaching institutions.
Keywords – ESL, satisfaction, e-learning, smart PLS |
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